[Selenium metabolism in patients with severe multiple trauma].

GOAL OF THE STUDY: To define a relation between the selenium level and the risk of the development of nosocomial pneumonia in patients with severe multiple trauma depending on the trauma severity and the volume of blood loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured serum selenium concentration in 40 patients with severe multiple trauma. The ISS score was used to estimate the trauma severity. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I--25 patients without pneumonia, group II--15 patients with pneumonia. The volume of blood loss was estimated in each group. The oxidative stress was estimated by means of the antioxidant index. RESULTS: For selected groups the significant difference (P < 0.05) in the volume of blood loss was detected. It was shown the significant decrease of selenium concentration (P < 0.05) in both groups in comparison with control for all testing time points (the 6-12 hrs, 24 hrs, 3 and 5-7 days). The mean of selenium concentration in group II was significantly lower in comparison to the group I. A significant difference of selenium concentrations (P < 0.05) between groups were detected on the 6-12 hrs and day 3 from the trauma onset. The antioxidant index was significantly lower in the group II within the 6-12 hrs, 12-24 hrs and 5-7 days (P < 0.05) in comparison to group I. CONCLUSIONS: The severe multiple trauma and severe blood loss lead to a selenium deficiency in the blood serum starting with the first hours from the trauma onset, which leads to the critical level of selenium concentration by the Ist day's end after trauma. It also leads to a pronounced oxidative stress that is reflected in the antioxidant index dynamics. Thus serum selenium concentration may be included in the set of the early prognostic detectors to detect infectious pulmonary complications development at severe multiple trauma, and it could be the basis for the decision to take early prophylaxis using selenium medications.

[Studies of effects of aluminum oxide nanoparticles after intragastric administration].

Growing Wistar rats received intragastrically nanoparticles (NPs) of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) daily during 28 days at doses of 1 or 100 mg per kg body mass. There were studied body mass of animals, relative mass of internals, rate of protein macromolecules absorption in the gut, oxidative damage of DNA, pool of tissue thiols, activity of hepatic enzymes of xenobiotic detoxication system, biochemical and hematological blood indices, stability of lysosome membranes, condition of antioxidant defense system, apoptosis of hepatocytes. Conducted experiments didn't reveal any marked toxic action of Al2O3 NPs on rats after 28 days of administration both in high and low dose. Among effects probably related to NPs influence on animals there were lowering of relative liver and lung masses, decrease of hepatic thiol pool, activity of CYP1A1 isoform in liver and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes, increase of diene conjugates of fatty acids in blood plasma. Said shifts were small in magnitude, didn't come out of margins of physiological norm and didn't show any distinct relation to NPs dose. However considering great importance of this nanomaterial as probable environmental contaminant the studies of it's toxicity must be continued in conditions of low doses (less than 1 mg per kg body mass) for long period of time.

[Characterization of fullerene C60 peroral toxicity to rats in the 92-day experiment].

Toxicity of fullerene C60 in male Wistar rats under conditions of a daily intragastric administration at doses of 0.1; 1 and 10 mg/kg body weight for 92 days was studied. Integral, biochemical, physiological, hematological, immunological indicators were determined that characterized the body condition of animals together with fullerene C60 biodistribution in organs and tissues of rats. Majority of the results didn't show any influence of fullerene C60 on animals treated with it in the whole range of doses studied. On the other hand, some of the data not related to the action of the components used in carrier solution, demonstrated dose-dependent variation: found increased activity on 21-35% in the CYP2B1 at doses of 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg body weight, and reduced concentration of uric acid and increasing concentrations of urea at 10 mg/kg body weight. Nevertheless, these changes were within the physiological range of variability. However, it is worth noting an important significant (p = 0.02) increase of the absorption for antigenic proteins in the digestive tract in animals treated with fullerene C60 at a dose of 10 mg/kg, suggesting a marked effect on the intestinal wall.

[Zero valent seleniume nanoparticles bioavailability estimation in rats].

Bioavailability of zero valent selenium (Se) nanoparticles with average size 60 nm was measured in rats receiving selenium deficient diet. There was demonstrated that intragastric administration of Se nanoparticles resulted in dose-dependent increase of serum Se level, normalization of tissue thiol pools, immune status and hepatocytes apoptosis. Possibilities are discussed of Se nanoparticles use in nutrition as a source of this trace element.

[Influence of hypocaloric diet with addition of a vitamin-mineral complex on status of patients with obesity 1st and 2nd degrees].

Addition of a vitamin-mineral complex (VMC) to a standard hypocaloric diet leads to a positive dynamics of antropometric characteristics in patients with obesity 1st and 2nd degrees which is comparable to effectiveness of standard dietotherapy (dietary treatment) traditionally used in complex treatment of obesity. Addition of 1,8 mg of vitamin B2 as part of VMC to a hypocaloric diet is shown to be inadequate in eradication of marginal provision of riboflavin when using diets reduced in calories.

[Influence of hypocaloric diet with supplemented biologically active substances with antioxidant activity on clinicometabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients].

It was investigated the influence of a diet with supplemented biologically active substances (catechins, flavanols and other) with antioxidant activity on dinamics clinicometabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. It was shown that inclusion of biologically active addition as the source of catechins, flavanols and other polyphenols in complex of treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus contributes to increase hypotensive, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant efficacy dietary therapy.

[Experience of phytosterols' application in dietetic cardiovascular diseases].

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with phytosterols on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diets with phytosterols in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic status, antropometric levels and lipid spectrum of blood. The research has shown, that the use in the treat-preventive purposes phytosterols is rather perspective.

[Estimation of efficacy use of the dietary therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes with supplemented biologically active addition containing the extract of kurilsky tea].

It was investigated the influence of a diet with supplemented biologically active addition containing the extract of kurilsky tea on dynamics of the clinical and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes. It was shown that the inclusion of biologically active addition "Extralife" in dietary treatment of type 2 diabetes allows to decrease the hyperlipidemia and to improve the antioxidative state and thus to decrease the risk of vascular complications in this disease.

[Influence of tableted green tea on index the antioxidant status patients with disease digestion organs].

To assess the tolerance of tableted green tea and its effect on the antioxidant status indices. Twenty-five patients with different gastrointestinal pathology weere included in the study and divided into main and control groups. The tolerance of tableted green tea was good in main group patients. This group showed better dynamics of quality of life indices, especially in scales of body pain and social functioning. There were no significant differences in biochemical analysis of both groups--it can indicate on safety of this product. Analysis revealed that main group patients show decreased level of all antioxidant status indices, it is reflected in decreasing of the lipid peroxidation index from 4.63 to 4.14 (p<0.05).

[Specificity of activity antioxidative enzymes at protein deficiency and excessive content Cu, Zn, Mn, Se in the food].

The research of kinetic properties (Km u Vmax) of two enzymes: Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase from rats liver and blood and lipid peroxidation induced by both a low protein diet (8%) and 2-fold concentration Cu, Zn, Mn, Se in diet. There was a change of Km and Vmax: the reduction of Km(GPH) was in liver at 28 d and the increase of Km(SOD) was in liver in group with 2-fold concentration Cu, Zn, Mn, Se in diet. The analysis of Km and Vmax of Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase in different alimentary influence may be as one of methods for assessment individualization of diet therapy.

[Energy metabolic in patients with ischemic heart disease before and after heart surgery].

The study involved 85 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The parameters of metabolic status the actual food intake with the help of a new computer program, based on frequency method were investigated from patients with cardiovascular diseases. It was found a disbalanse of intake main food components and low physical activity in of patients.

[Evaluation of dietary therapy efficiency, based on clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with cardiovascular disease and osteopenia].

Aim of investigation was to analysis of dietary intake in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and osteopenia. We studied 13 patients with CDV and osteopenia and 117 control subjects with CDV. Analysis of dietary intake in all patients showed high level consumption of fat, excessive consumption of phosphorus and deficiency in consumption of vitamins A, B1, B2. It was shown that diet-therapy has promoted the most positive changes of the clinical, biochemical and immunological parameters of patients had osteopenia less then control group.

[Antioxidant level and lipid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular disease].

Studies of fat- and water-soluble antioxidants sufficiency (retinol, alfa- and gamma-tocopherols, alfa- and beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, ascorbic and uric acids) and lipid spectrum in patients with cardiovascular disease revealed that blood levels of some carotenoids are directly related to blood levels of vitamin C and to levels of cholesterol of high-density lipoproteins. As total carotenoids content in blood decreased lower than 80 microg/dl, the significant raise of average concentration of urates (p=0.012) and significant decrease of ascorbic acid (p=0.007) content in blood of the patients were observed.

[Using diet therapy based on complex assessment of nutritional status in patient with cardiovascular diseases and obesity].

The study involved 120 patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD). The parameters of metabolic status were investigated. Assessed effects of antiatherogenic diet supplemented with "Normoprotein" on main cardiovascular parameters, parameters of anthropometry, lipid profile parameters. The results of investigations indicated that a diet supplemented with a "Normoprotein" (60 g/day) increased the effect of dietary therapy in correction of essential hypertension. Significant decrease in body masse and body masse index (MBI), as well as lipid profile normalization.

[Applying method of correlative adaptometry for evaluating of treatment efficiency of obese patients].

By the method of correlative adaptometry was perfomed a treatment of many physiological and biochemical data from patients with different degree of obese and in during dietotherapy treatment. It was shown that weight of correlative graphs of more informative parameters was originally high and parallel with the heave of disease and was decreases during a dietotherapy. It was concluded, that correlative adaptometry is the promising method of evaluation nutrition status and quality of dietotherapy.

[Vitamin and mineral supply of patients with cardiovascular diseases].

Analysis of dietary intake for the month before admission using the food frequency method in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) showed high level consumption of vitamin C, excessive consumption of phosphorus and deficiency in consumption of vitamins A, B1, B2. 82% of patients had low calcium excretion per 1 kg of body mass, 16% of people had high level of bone resorption. In the group of patients with low calcium consumption, content of all the vitamins in daily ration was significantly lower, than that in the group with adequate calcium consumption. High spread of osteopenia among patients with CVD was expected because of deficiency in calcium consumption and their lowe supply with vitamin D, that appears risk factors of osteoporosis. But, actually, only 10% of patients had osteopenia and only 2 from 132 osteoporosis. Knowing that 95% of patients were overweighted, we suppose that low spread of osteopenia may be caused by estrogen-producing ability of fatty tissue.

[Influence of dietary therapy containing sunflower oil fortified with phospholipids on the lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension and obesity].

It was investigated the influence of dietary therapy containing sunflower oil with phospholipids (PL) on the lipid profile of plasma and composition of fatty acids of red blood cells in patients with hypertension and obesity. The results show that after the period of three weeks for each diet the unrefined sunflower oil supplemented with PL (30 gr oil containing 10, 8 gr PL) in diet had more influence on lowering of blood pressure (specially on diastolic BP). This diet reduced serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A 1, apoB and fibrinogen more than the refined sunflower oil diet. This oil presents useful source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential PL for diets aimed at prevention of heart disease.

[The clinical and experimental research of metabolic effects of shark liver oil].

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with shark liver oil on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diets with shark liver oil in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic status, antropometric levels, lipid spectrum of blood and immunology status. The mechanism of shark liver oil was investigated in rats.